Neurulation Quiz

A prenatal ultrasound was performed following complications in early pregnancy. The clinical exam noted that there were genetic defects that interrupted the initial development of neural crest cells. Which of the following components of neurulation would most likely have been specifically involved in this early interruption of neural crest cell development?

A newborn was normally delivered to a 23-year-old female. Upon examination, it was noted that there was a fluid-filled swelling at the L4 and L5 lumbar vertebral level. The clinical exam and imaging showed that the swelling contained cerebrospinal fluid and displacement of the spinal cord. There was also weakness of the muscles of the lower limb. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

During development, an ultrasound indicated the diencephalon failed to develop completely resulting in major defects of the central nervous system.  Which of the following would most likely be poorly developed or absent in the fetus?

A 68-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after suffering major headaches and nausea for several weeks. A CT scan indicated a cerebellar lateral hemisphere tumor compressing against the superior orbital fissure. Which of the following clinical findings would more likely be expected in this patient?