DAMPs, PAMPs, and PRR’s Quiz

A 78 year old male is admitted to hospital from his physician’s office for suspected acute pyelonephritis. The patient has had flank pain and a fever >101 F for the past 3 days. Laboratory studies are ordered, including urine culture and sensitivity. The patient is started on empiric IV ceftriaxone.

The pathogen has induced the patient’s fever by activating which receptor in the resident immune cells?

A 26 year old woman presents to her physician with complaints of “burning” on urination and frequency. She is otherwise well She is sexually active.

Physical examination reveals mild suprapubic tenderness

Urinalysis:

• Leukocyte esterase:  3+
• Nitrite: 3+
• Urine sediment shows abundant neutrophils and bacilli. A drop of urine sediment is put on separate slide and stained with crystal violet. Iodine is then applied to the slide.  Following the addition of iodine, an acetone wash is applied to the glass slide. A safranin counterstain is then applied. A representative image of the result is seen below

The bacteria initiated this cellular response through its

A 6 year old male presents with a urinary tract infection with E. coli. It is his first infection. The major immune defense in clearing bacteremia by phagocytosis mediated by

A 34 year old African-American female presents to her physician’s office because she has developed blood in her urine. She has had a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosis for the past 4 years. Urinalysis shows 4+ hemoglobin and 3+ protein. Urine sediment has red blood cell casts. Serum shows anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies. The protein that initiates the first step leading to glomerular damage is

The CDC recommends routine administration of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for all adults 65 years or older. The key immune function that is increased by this vaccination is